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缠情私宠：尤物小妻潜上瘾

杜汉湖

去过许多地方即便最难到达之地，有一些地方我却从未到达譬如我的内心。视频： Somewhere I have never Travelled 拍摄制作：小爱____________________________________________________________________________2013年3月20日我自以为要去哪里，目何处，理由又何在呢？很长一段时间我陷在自己制造的冲突里，在梦想和现实中举棋不定纠结不堪。回望自己和朋友们各自的成长轨迹觉得这是乏味人生中不多的有趣事情。起初，我们坐在教室学习，对未来毫无头绪。大学毕业后有了不同的职业，在不同的城市和环境生活，不同的故事发生。有的结婚生子，有的在职场拼命爬到很高位置，有的移民出国定居，毕业六年后大家都很成功，在这个社会获得稳定一隅。在这群卓越青年中怎么蹦生出了我这个混混？我问自己。有时觉得自己过的还不错，人们羡慕我，无拘无束，去了他们想去没能去的地方，过他们想过没勇气过的生活，活在他们曾经和现在的梦想里；也得到了不起人物的肯定，觉得自己发展的还不赖。这部分是虚渺的，骄傲的，坚守梦想的一点底气。现实些，我没有一丁点存款，没有车没有房子，没有名誉和权利。我一事无成。总之，我们的人生开始分叉，各自蜿蜿蜒蜒伸出自己的一条路。每个人都有梦想，哪些人在坚守兑付？人怎么个活法，它都是活。我的路通向远离城市的山村、荒原，指向喜马拉雅山脉的方向。我等不及要回到那里，赶在现代文明吞噬它们之前。___________________________________________________________________________________ 躺在床上，我很容易觉得疲倦，于是坐到窗户旁的书桌，透过窗户玻璃我能看到屋外树木的枯枝在风中剧烈地摇晃。这是几棵大树，足有五层楼高，乌黑的枝干在干燥寒冷的空气里裸露了整个冬天，已经没有一片叶子可以落下。前年小区绿化规划时没有把它们纳入改造范围，所以住在四楼的我夏天打开窗户仍可以看到城市不多见的美景，浓绿的树叶层层包裹住树端，成群小鸟停在枝头或躲藏在浓厚的叶丛中，唧唧咋咋成天闲扯。另一侧北面房间的窗户外原本是一小片杂树林，春天里很多树还会开着一串串雪一样洁白的花朵，有的则是大朵的娇艳的鲜红。现在，那里变成了一个休闲广场，我再也不喜欢留在北面房间了，以前的树木全不见了，换上了几株名贵的树稀稀拉拉安置在广场四个角上，还有一些修剪成圆的方的长刺的低矮灌从，小狗们都喜欢抬腿在那下面撒尿拉屎，小区的老人小孩一吃过晚饭也来这里遛弯嬉闹。我开始回想这次旅途。______________________________________________________________________行程：泰国—柬埔寨—泰国2.16 重庆江北国际机场 — 亚洲航空（含税及行李券780元特价机票） — 飞抵曼谷2.17 曼谷廊曼机场 — 亚洲航空（含税及行李券180元特价机票） — 清迈机场2.17—2.21 曼谷清迈（泰柬过境） 2.21 清迈 — NCA公司夜间巴士（极舒适，高性价，推荐）— 曼谷 — 2.22曼谷Moh Chit 汽车站国营巴士（不推荐私营巴士）— 泰柬边境城市波贝 — 办理返，出境（若需从柬埔寨再次返回泰国，必须办理）— 入境（柬埔寨）— 出租车至暹粒2.22 — 2.28 暹粒（原计划26日离开暹粒，因来到ACODO孤儿院，推后行程2天）2.28 暹粒— 巴士（旅游代理处购买，从旅社接人，过境中转，直至送至岛上，推荐，注意此行程需耗时一天） — 泰国象岛3.1 — 3.6 泰国象岛3.6 象岛 — 巴士（旅游代理）— 曼谷3.7 曼谷廊漫机场 — 亚洲航空（含税及行李券580元特价票）— 西安咸阳国际机场（机票购买、证申请、具体行程及住宿出行安排费用等在相应文章楼层上陆续奉上）______________________________________________________________________本帖导引：＊［视频］Somewhere I have never Travelled 3月20日我自以为要去哪里，目何处，理由又何在呢？ “我的路通向远离城市的山村、荒原，指向喜马拉雅山脉的方向。” 2月19日我不可能长居清迈 2月20日低调的名人YB和他的清迈 “其实我一直想象着像阿甘那样跑着跑着，突然他不想跑了，没有理由。” 第1页https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-1-1.html＊ 2月22日暹粒城ACODO孤儿院（Assisting Cambodian Orphans and the Disabled Organization） 2月23日我好想给她一点新的东西——一个新的人生？［视频］ -_-# 淘气的小绵羊们第2页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-2-1.html＊ ACODO 续 “当我来到基金会，我仿佛重生。以前我是一朵没人管的花朵，看不到太阳，没人在意。现在这朵花移植到一个有人照料的地方，可以感受到微风，可以看到太阳。” ［视频］ ACODO孩子们一次快乐的晚餐（制作中）第5页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-5-1.html＊ 2月24日噢，AnjaAnja! “求生和怕死的本能使我们感受不到身、心、自然合而为一的无言净境是多么幸福，说也奇怪，我们竟以为理当如此。” ［拍摄］吴哥古庙群拍摄集锦第6页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-6-1.html＊ 2月26日嘿，猴子 “我们只是上进了的猴子，而不是下凡的天使。” 2月28日 1989年登顶珠穆朗玛峰的 David 老师 “神秘的追寻具有致命的魔力” 第16页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-16-1.html＊ 3月1日泰国象岛（Koh Chang） “清晨暖黄的阳光投射进来，照亮了猩红的木地板，我打赤脚在上面走来走去。” 3月2日我“憎恨”自由职业 “如果天气好我就坐在马桶上不起来，夜里还能看到满天繁星。”第38页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-38-1.html＊ 3月3日在海底，我遇见最美的色彩和心情 “这一刻我产生了类似爱情的幻觉，此情此景符合了我对爱情最初最美好愿望的所有元素，美丽、纯真、信任、相伴相随。” “现在，我要的爱情简单许多，但并不容易。他并不接纳我的全部，当我精神低迷陷入幻觉，发疯般歇斯底里挣扎时，他逃的远远的，我学会永远不去指望他给我支持的力量走出困境。” 3月4日中国厨娘 “每道料理一装好盘，我就马上拍了图片发给爸爸妈妈看，有点扬眉吐气那种感觉。” 3月5日——3月7日［图文编辑中］第39页 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1651909-39-1.html__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2月16日重庆江北国际机场登机，我依旧坐在最后一排靠窗的位置，丛背包里取出爸爸妈妈清晨起床为我准备的便当，已经过了四五个小时它们竟然还是热乎乎的。爸爸妈妈是很传统的中国父母，希望我结婚生子，保持一份稳定的工作。我既不想结婚，现在这份稳定体面的工作马上也会结束。我向往绝对无束缚的生活，其中包括暂时离开父母，这让他们伤心难过也为我操心。我们之间产生了许多冲突和争吵。在中国“女子当相夫教子”、“孝为大”这些根深蒂固传统观念下做这份决定是极自私的，让我心绪不宁良心不安。 “自由职业”听着就太漂泊，但我并不是莽莽撞撞做这样决定的，未来的生活或许会很不如愿，但就算有机会回头我也不要。所以往前走的决定我自己负责，后果我全心全意接受。我现在就这么写，希望话说出来，我会勇气大增。无论如何主意已定，这几个月我开始努力尝试让父母了解并接纳我的生活方式，情况也逐渐向好的方向发展。经济宽裕后，我更喜欢选择飞行的方式旅行。飞机迅疾上升，可以带我更快远离陈旧腐烂的环境，我的恐惧和悲伤，我的敌人和同仁，他们都留在了地面上。飞行两个小时后，舷窗外的天空从湛蓝变的灰蒙蒙，机上广播说我们已经到达泰国首都曼谷市上空。飞机开始下降，冲透空气中最污浊的那一片后，地面开始隐约出现鳞次栉比的建筑，看上去和这个世界的其它城市很相似。现在这些城市不只布局相似，待在里面的人们他们的生活方式也越来越相似了。地面偶尔会出现一栋接一栋绿树环绕的金色寺庙。这时是冬天，在这个国家却依然有这么多葱翠的绿树，我居住的城市从空中俯瞰只有一整片死亡的灰色。寺庙的金顶在阳光下闪闪发亮，特别耀人眼。_____________________________________________________________________当我终于鼓起勇气迎面人生里汹涌而来的大浪，生命却转瞬为我展示它最灿烂可爱的一面。拍摄：泰国象岛日落—————————————————————————————————————————————————新浪微博：@小爱-我在旅途中8264铿锵玫瑰栏目：第一期——我爱爸爸妈妈访问链接：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1234510-1-1.html其它图文纪录：中东 . 以色列：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1229470-1-1.html西藏 . 阿里：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-844544-1-1.html西藏 . 川西：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-424848-1-1.html———————————————————————————————————————————— 2月17日在曼谷并没有多停留，我讨厌大城市，今早起床后直接飞往清迈。_____________________________________________________拍摄：吴哥寺______________________________________________________________________________________关于泰国和柬埔寨证申请：泰国旅游证：自己申请泰国证与旅行社代办的区别？1.费用不同申请人自己到使馆申请泰国证费用为RMB230元证费+RMB10元银行手续费合计为RMB240元。2.所需资料不同由旅行社代办泰国证护照+1张2寸白底照片即可，自己到使馆申请泰国证需护照+身份证+在职证明+机票订单+存款证明+照片。 3.a.坐在家里就可以申请证小爱懒人一枚，加上自己去使馆送并不方便，所以通过网上下单，（小爱此次通过“爱旅行网”办理证，大家所在城市的有国际业务的旅行社应该都可以代办，也可以在淘宝搜索可靠的证代理，一定要是可靠的代理喔）证代理公司全套代办泰国证，无需亲自前往使馆申请，免去了至少2次赴使馆的奔波之苦，坐在家里即可轻松申请泰国证。b.自己准备材料赴本辖区的泰国使馆申请证柬埔寨旅游证：1.电子啊电子，无与伦比的方便，提过网络提交证申请表格并支付证费用（25美金），二个工作日后我收到电子证email,下载打印出来即可。好方便啊，都这样吧柬埔寨电子申请地址：https//www.mfaic.gov.kh/evisa/?lang=ChiS2.落地，如果您是白本护照建议先申请证而不是落地，因为白本护照中国的海关可能不放你出去喔：）_________________________________________________________________________关于亚洲航空廉价机票预订：亚洲航空是我们熟悉的廉价航空公司，购买亚洲航空公司机票提早规划，提早订票，通常情况下提前半年预订您一定能买到非常合适的机票；关注亚洲航空微博 @亚航之家，任何亚洲航空的优惠活动和特价票的发放都会提前在微博播报) ；小爱因是临时决定的泰国行程，仅提前一个月购买机票，但价格仍旧还不错：）亚洲航空公司（AirAisa）官方网站：https//www.airASIa.com/cn/zh/home.page______________________________________________________________________________________ 2月17日清迈周日夜市的阵雨傍晚时分，忽然刮起大风，风越来越大，刮落的树叶瞬即又随风上扬，翻转滚动着飞舞很远。夜市上的小贩们慌忙收摊或找来塑料薄膜赶紧盖在售卖的物品上，原本往一个方向走的人流中开始有人掉头转身往不同方向前进，原本拥挤但还算有秩序的道路因此变得熙攘。没过一会儿豆大的雨点砸落下来，一场阵雨来临。____________________________________________________________面对大海，我可以获得一份内心的平静。拍摄：泰国象岛日落前夕______________________________________________________________________________________清迈：周日夜市（Sunday Market）安排清迈的行程前一定看看日历，每个周日在塔佩门都有很棒的夜市，一公里长的主道布满了摊点，可以购买很多特色小玩意儿，非常多的美食、街头乐队，好玩的事物目不暇接，即便暴雨也浇不灭我们逛街的热情哈哈)住宿（Hostel）FWD House Hostel Booking 的预订页面https//www.booking.com/hotel/th/forward-house-hostel.zh.html清迈旅社很多，walk in 也是可以的，但如果想要入住心仪的客栈，尤其是旺季，请至少提前二个月预订另，泰国入室内都是需要脱掉鞋子的，我们应尊重泰国的当地礼仪，也为中国塑造良好的旅行者形象：）货币兑换（Exchange）推荐“Super Rich”兑换店，在曼谷和清迈都有，汇率通常比别家实在)交通推荐皮卡改装的双条车，红色车无固定路线，招手停，告诉司机你要去哪个地方，并在地图上识给司机看，确认价格，上车。起步20铢／人，也可以包车，小爱有遇到乱要价的司机，所以如果大家对价格不确定可以事先在客栈前台咨询下，做到心里有数) 2月18日清迈无论何时都是一副慵懒清闲的神态，我喜欢它黄昏时的街景，那时我蹲在某个狭窄街道，眼前移动的人群、车辆都只是剪影，他们的模样、神态、形状和色彩都有些模糊，街灯和车灯是一簇簇闪亮的星光。黑暗逐渐降临，街道两侧的建筑物黢黑的轮廓在深蓝的天空背景下更加清晰，远方云层低垂，灰色上面点缀了橘红。这看上去像是一幅油画。________________________________________________看见这个场景，我听见内心对自己说 “看，这就是旅行的意义。”拍摄：泰国象岛日落______________________________________________________________________________________清迈活动：城区：＊租赁一辆自行车或助力摩托车，通常以一天计费。这样的方式穿行在清迈的大街小巷，你会觉得自己更象当地人，而不是旅行者。泰国的行驶方向与国内相反，靠左行驶，一定注意安全喔：）＊SPA，街边的小时按摩很local也很便宜。小爱建议无需迷信网络推荐“女子监狱”按摩，按摩技术并无特别，和那里的按摩师交流中，她们也很迷惑为什么去的几乎全是中国人，络绎不绝，她们甚至没有时间休息。＊美食，每晚6点后出摊的清迈门夜市，满是当地美食小摊，超美味，极推荐城外：ATV (All Terrain Vehicle即全路况四轮越野摩托车)，很容易驾驶，又令人兴奋刺激，推荐漂流，也还不错喔参考旅游公司网站：https//www.chiangmaiadventure.co.thhttps//www.thepeakadventure.com (小爱选择的服务商，ATV价格更合适)______________________________________________________________________________________ 2月19日我不可能长居清迈或许有人听了要不开心了。我是不适合在清迈长住的人，才待了两天就已经觉得腻烦，我着急报名了漂流和山地越野这些刺激的户外玩意儿，预算之外多花了一大笔钱让自己有事可做。我愈发后悔自己决定成行这次休闲之旅，太乏味了，这让我更想念西藏阿里的高山和茫茫雪原，这处贫瘠安静的所在有太多东西叫我着迷。我形容清迈就像一瓶依云矿泉水。精致好品位又怎样，对我而言它就是平淡乏味的白开水。尽管如此，许多旅行归来写出诱人故事的人们并没有骗你们，清迈的生活确实有她滋味的一面，她有很多精心妆点的漂亮庭院，庭院里有开满花的漂亮植物和可爱的陶瓷装饰品；本地夜市有便宜而且美味的食物，这里的各种水果沙冰饮品和芒果糯米甜点真是美味，我深深爱上它们。只是这些珍宝都混杂在一大堆让我感觉无趣乏味的城市影像中。通常我会去一个城市的博物馆或艺术馆，城市文化方方面面的精华都在那里。___________________________________________________________________突突车司机清晨未如约出现，再赶到吴哥窟时，太阳已经升起，但看到这样的景致仍旧欢喜：）拍摄：吴哥窟日出 2月20日低调的名人YB和他的清迈旅行中我们总会认识几个新朋友。YB是中国人，工作六年后辞职来清迈定居下来做一个自由职业者，今天晚上他骑着小摩托载我去见识一个有意思些的清迈。第一站是清迈门，白日里空旷的广场现在满是桌子凳子人群和小吃摊。YB买来猪肉粥让我试试，粥熬的糯软细腻，搭配有猪肉丸子和姜丝，粥融入了肉的鲜味且一点不腻而且入口极其香滑，这是我吃过最好吃的粥了。离开清迈前一定要再来。我在各个小吃摊前垂涎欲滴徘徊不已，最后买了折合人民币一元钱一串的烤肉，塞了满满一小袋，喝足了五元钱一大杯的芒果沙冰、香蕉沙冰、西瓜沙冰，各种水果沙冰。这里所有食物都让我欲罢不能！我们到了冰河旁一处很有特色的酒吧，bus bar就在冰河铁桥旁，比起沿河其他那些吵闹的酒吧这里安静多了。一辆红色的双层巴士改装成餐厅，布置的很温馨，可以坐下十来个客人。另一辆稍小些的红色巴士改装成了调酒吧。巴士旁是Bus bar很大的露天场地，摆放了二十来套桌椅，每张桌子上都点燃着烛光。有一棵很久远前活到现在的高大古树。YB低头看着脚下的河水向我描述 “水灯节时，这两边河岸会全是红橙橙的烛火，僧人在这样的树下念经，河里尽是纸船载着烛火向下游漂去，数不清的孔明灯载着人们的愿望飞上夜空。非常漂亮！”这简直就是要在我心里种下重返清迈的种子。 YB叫了一瓶啤酒后打开电脑继续写未完成的文章，我取出笔记本开始记下今天的故事。四周是轻柔的爵士乐和坐在附近客人的低喃，空气中携带着水汽和夜晚的清凉。我正无比享受这份舒适和静谧，一位非得要见偶像YB的中国游客跑来闲扯打破了这氛围，真讨厌啊。_________________________________________________《711贩卖店》黑暗是恐惧的信使。一家711贩卖店独立在浓浓的夜色里，蔓延的黑暗笼罩了除此之外的一切。当夜幕降临时，它是这黑暗里唯一安全的象征，在夜晚比白天更容易对它生出亲近感。我并不十分讨厌现代文明。拍摄：泰国象岛夜间出海归来_________________________________________________ 2月21日离开清迈 YB来送我去汽车站。我好奇便问他，“你送我离开，会有难过的感觉吗？每一次送走朋友，他们继续向前走，在路上，而你得留在原地？” YB想了想回答，“现在不会了，因为旅行过很长一段时间，想固定下来。” “可是我会。每一次眼睁睁看着朋友们背着行囊出发而我只能留在乏味的生活里，我都难过得要死，我希望离开的那个人，在路上的那个人，永远是我”。______________________________________________________________________________________清迈至曼谷：火车（Train）清迈火车站可以购买全泰国任何站点始发火车票，以及部分岛屿车船联票。提前规划行程又担心到了跟前买不到车票的朋友可在泰国铁路官网https//www.thairailticket.com/esrt/Default.aspx?language=1购买电子票，可提前60天购买，提前3天以上可退票费80％，3天内退50％。巴士（Bus）NAC巴士公司，不用担心在巴士上无法睡好，NAC公司巴士的座椅可调节，设计非常棒，每个位置配有小电视有很多电影、音乐MV可看，还可以玩游戏啊！！客服会给你送来许多饮品和主食零食，真的很棒，最重要的是这趟夜间巴士小爱睡的非常踏实呢。极推荐：）NAC巴士公司的车票暂时无法通过网络直接购买，您可以到了曼谷或清迈后购买或着找旅游代理帮忙提前购买，NAC有45天预购期，这次小爱通过网络找到一位叫“500”的驻清迈华人代理帮忙购票，购买清迈至曼谷的gold舱（按摩座椅）657泰铢，代理费80泰铢／人。大家可通过emailryans.lin@gmail.com 联系500咨询：）______________________________________________________________________________________ ＊契迪龙庙时装秀 . ATV 越野摩托＊视频（待添加）拍摄：清迈早市的玫瑰拍摄：泰国象岛时光占楼：）小爱真诚谢谢大家的鼓励：）都不好意思把写好的内容替换在这楼了嘿嘿：P索性把这次旅行中小爱不多的自拍照放在这一楼吧：）＊今天我同Nancy一起借了客栈的自行车骑去ACODO, 大概因为在Siem Reap高壮的欧美背包客多些，客栈的自行车座也配合着调整的很高，我坐上去后只能撑直腿崩直脚掌才好蹬动脚踏板，这让我的短腿觉的郁闷。客栈的自行车破烂的活像从废品收购站买回来的，ACODO在Siem Reap郊区，我们蹬着这破车丁零哐啷摇摇晃晃了十来分钟来到ACODO大院。孩子们正在教室上课，院子里没什么人。停下车后正准备取锁锁车，Nancy说“不需要，就这样放在这里不会有任何问。”拍摄：ACODO 孤儿院＊ACODO ACODO是一家非政府组织，(即NGO, Non-Governmental Non-Political Non-Profit Organization)，管理人介绍，这是一家主要帮助和收养受毒品和艾滋病毒残害的孩子、在非法活动如儿童贩卖和卖淫中受害的孩子、家庭暴力中受虐的孩子、身体有残疾的孩子和没有父母的孩子的机构，主旨是帮助这些孩子脱离恶劣的环境，给他们一个健康安全的生活成长环境和接受教育的机会，使孩子们能够养成正确的社会意识和培养他们可以独立生活的能力技能。现在有近80个孩子居住在ACODO，这个数字已经超出了机构的负荷，但每天仍不断有新的孩子被送来。晚些时候我们回到城里，我花钱在租赁店租了一辆好些的自行车，有个车篮可以放水和食物，交3美元租金使用一天，我让老板把车座调低到舒适的高度，我那短腿可开心了。拍摄：ACODO的孩子 2月23日我好想给她一点新的东西——一个新的人生？这是爱心泛滥时矫情的想法，我自知能为这些孩子们做的事极少，何谈一个新的人生！但即便这样，仍想为他们做点什么。譬如现在这样。上午在吴哥寺的拍摄计划结束后我回客栈睡了一个午觉，三点多爬起床蹬车去ACODO。Nancy正带着小毛孩们哼唱英文单词“head eyes nose mouth shoulder knees foot, head eyes nose…", 这群小孙悟空中最大的一个也还不到五岁，哪可能集中精神乖乖坐在位置就范，唱着唱着就有爬桌子的、爬柜子的、爬窗户的, 还有抱住老师大腿手舞足蹈的；打架的、吵架的，整个课堂稀里哗啦吵闹的像个集市。两个小男孩互相挤眉弄眼的使眼色，冷不丁就滑下桌子溜出教室玩儿去了，路过身边时还优哉游哉的冲我笑。拍摄： ACODO的孩子［视频：小绵羊们张牙舞爪的课堂］［制作：小爱］来ACODO之前我一直很紧张，我不清楚志愿者要具体做些什么，怎样才可以做好尤其是面对这样一群特别的孩子 ………… 然而才一个小时的相处过后，我的紧张和僵硬全被这群暖融融的淘气小绵羊给融化了你也想成为一名NGO志愿者吗，教授这些孩子知识与能力？准备好了吗？这里或许比你想像中混乱，但却那么美好！___________________________________________________________左！…右！哟，那小屁股撅的喔！…-_-#……（凶狠）你们这是要闹哪样！！Y(^_^)Y 小爱真诚谢谢大家的鼓励，我会更加努力，在实现梦想的路上：）ACODO续对于观光客而言，暹粒（Siem Reap）是世界文化遗产吴哥古迹所在地，是历史及异国情调的混合体，拥挤的酒吧街和繁忙的夜市，给人充满活力、激奋的印象，容易让人忘记它本身的穷困。但靠近看的更仔细些，很快就会发现光着脚丫、穿着肮脏简陋的衣服、肩上扛着垃圾袋的孩子，数百成千这样的孩子生活在城市的街道和吴哥景区中，仰赖向观光客们销售物品、乞讨零钱和捡拾垃圾过活，希望每一天有所获。柬埔寨分布着许多公益组织，ACODO这一类组织提供孩子们稳定的居所，有足够的衣服、足够的食物，更重要的是这里的孩子有接受教育的机会，接受教育是他们唯一可以改变自己命运的方式，如果不上学，他们将仍旧贫穷、乞讨、偷窃、被贩卖，可能会变成流氓、妓女或在街头死亡。没有未来。生活困苦，但总有令孩子们高兴的事儿，他们嘻嘻哈哈朝我的方向跑来，奔跑像在跳舞拍摄：吴哥寺捡垃圾的孩子孩子们在满是垃圾的河水中游泳，这总会让人担忧拍摄：生态孩子 * “当我来到基金会，我仿佛重生。以前我是一朵没人管的花朵，看不到太阳，没人在意。现在这朵花移植到一个有人照料的地方，可以感受到微风，可以看到太阳。”拍摄：ACODO的孩子能够进入这些NGO组织学习生活的孩子是非常幸运的，他们中大部分人的人生毫无疑问从此改变。而组织外，仍有成千上万的孩子流浪在街头，虚弱暴露在社会的贫穷邋遢和阴暗中，不敢奢望一切能有所改变。 . 视频：ACODO孩子们一次快乐的晚餐制作：小爱（待添加：）） 2月24日噢，AnjaAnja! 我决定在暹粒多待几天。这两天就和Anja厮混在一起。 Anja是胖胖的丹麦女生，患有先天性心脏病，我们在泰柬边境城市波贝办理入境手续时认识。为了吴哥寺的日出，今早我们五点半就出发了，俩人一直游荡到午后。离开圣剑寺时我察觉Anja似乎不舒服，过了一会儿她就跑到草地上呕吐起来。我吓坏了。 Anja今天竟然没带药丸，她的病情要求她每小时服药，而现在离上一次服药已经过了七个小时。Anja的心脏和身体正在严重超负荷运转。我紧张急了，催突突车司机赶快带我们回城。在车上，Anja又呕吐了好几次。 Anja说“我想过正常些的生活，没有这些讨厌的药丸”。我臭她，“别再做这样愚蠢的事情”。这会要了她的命。Anja绝不是安分的心脏病病人，她热爱旅行，带着这颗随时会崩溃的心脏去了许多美丽的地方。明天Anja要乘船去金边，有朋友告诉她这段水路河道两岸的景致美极了，我想和她一起走，但又舍不得ACODO的孩子们。后续：回国前一天我回到曼谷，在World Center 购物大厦门前撞到一群追星的女孩，鬼哭狼嚎的，我躲开她们上到天桥。天啊，我竟然看到Anja, 她正饶有兴致的看着桥下那群疯狂的女孩痴痴的笑，我不敢大喊，吓到她可就不好了，于是静悄悄走到她旁边，用屁股轻轻撞了撞她，压低了声音“hey,Anja”。谁知这丫头仍被吓得不轻，厉声尖叫着回头，一看是我，尖叫声就更加悠长高亢了。我把这归结为缘，我和Anja的缘分。求生和怕死的本能使我们感受不到身、心、自然合而为一的无言净境是多么幸福，说也奇怪，我们竟以为理当如此。未来或许我也会遇到像Anja这样生命中别无选择的困境，那是我会提醒自己，嘿，像Anja一样勇敢坚强。噢，AnjaAnja!_______________________________________________________________________________下一次我也要让自己在海上如此努力挥桨，迎着汹涌澎湃的风浪，在金色空气中，击退迎面而来得凶恶。拍摄：泰国象岛日落＊古庙群拍摄集锦体力好不怕热的朋友，小爱超强烈建议大家在城里租一辆自行车，踩着脚踏车穿行在树林和古庙间的感觉太好了：）当然也要注意安全，看完日落后回城里天已经黑了，这时从景区回城里的路汽车较多，小心避让：）有两天我都踩着脚踏车在古庙群里到处逛，虽然有些累，但非常快乐：）—————————————————————————————————————————————————拍摄：古庙群拍摄集锦拍摄：古庙群拍摄集锦拍摄：古庙群拍摄集锦 2月26日猴子从吴哥寺到巴戎寺的路上有好多猴子，不怕人也不躲。我第一次见到猴子抱着水瓶喝水的样子，这些淘气翻天的家伙捧着矿泉水瓶异常安静乖巧，就连眼神也像婴儿一样天真无邪，很讨人喜欢。人类总是羞于承认自己和其他动物的同根性，它们是没有理性没有智慧的野蛮兽类，而我们则有点像是下凡的天使。我们只是上进了的猴子，而不是下凡的天使。_________________________________________________________________________ *. 麻麻给我芒果嘛，给我嘛，给我嘛！ *. 喂，你哪来的？嘿，说你呢拿相机的！＊. 你说你一天到晚想啥呀？([]

天才萌宝：爹地放开妈咪

谢景蓁

早已不记得上一次写游记是何时了，因为懒因为没有文字功底因为麻烦因为一切。。。这次出发之前就决定了无论如何要写，多年后以便翻看。我不会华丽的润色，只有直白的叙事，图片也是原图，未加修饰，所以各位就凑合着看吧。一年里，假期，是我日夜期盼的日子。用一段短暂自由的时光进行一次异地或是异域的旅行，到陌生的环境去体验新的生活，经历更多以认识更好的自己。崔健在“假行僧”里说，“我要从南走到北，我还要从白走到黑，我要人们看到我但不知道我是谁”。今年继续西行，再次进藏，旨在阿里。阿里转山，说实话，我对自己很没把握，体力和意志早已被长期的城市生活消磨殆尽，可是我，想去。拜此次出行所赐，结识了一帮损友，茉莉和无泪费心做好了路书，我们明目张胆的享受，嘻嘻。。。初见时的拘束，离别时的拥抱和泪水，伴随着欢笑和喜悦，真实的风景真实的自己和他人，只有经历过才能成为回忆。远游异乡，一路上吃过糌粑，啃过羊肉，饮过酥油茶，穿过荒凉藏北，曾在冈仁波齐经历恶劣的气候，也曾触摸过古格历史的沧桑。八千里路云和月，我们一起看过美丽的风景，流连于每一个美妙的措畔，迷失在路上短暂的光阴里。旅行的美妙，不在于我们去到了哪些名胜古迹，而是能有一段飘泊的时间，随心所欲的到处走走，无所事事的发呆，或是在小巷子里迷路，看看当地居民为什么事而幸福快乐，让我们从一个自己呆腻了的地方，到一个别人呆腻了的地方，离开熟悉的环境去探索陌生的风景。西藏，是一个梦，我们既是逐梦人，也是造梦者。带着新鲜的记忆，且让我用普通的相机和笨拙的手法，粗糙但真实的记录下其中的一些片段，让朋友们透过我的眼睛看我看过的风景，也为了我忘却的纪念。和伙伴们约好了7月12日拉萨出发，至于怎么到拉萨，大家就各显神通了，我早了几天到拉萨，混迹拉萨街头，因为之前就到过西藏，所以这几天过得格外颓废，不是在茶馆里喝甜茶，就是在书店里懒散的写下几张明信片或是早起跟着人潮涌动的转经队伍围着布达拉宫转动经筒，多少个晨昏，我坐在大昭寺门前的台阶上，看着那些虔诚的身影，聆听他们的身体和大地碰撞的声音拉萨之于藏民来说就如同麦加之于伊斯兰教一样，是朝圣者们的终极目的地。拉萨那作为圣城的浓重的宗教气息，朝圣者们围着布达拉宫围着大昭寺转经，磕着数量惊人的长头，经年累月，寒暑往来，虔诚不改。大昭寺门前的青石板经无数人的匍匐，早已被磨得光滑。而那些来自青海云南四川的虔诚信徒们，他们带上家里的所有来到这里，穷尽毕生所有奉献给菩萨，以求得到来世的解脱和幸福。拉萨就是这么一座奇怪的城市，至今依然如此奇怪，世俗与神圣搅在一起，美丽与丑陋搅在一起，你只有无数的新奇与诧异，它有时会让你喘不过气来，有时又会让你屏住呼吸。 7月9日，西藏博物馆，如同内地的其他博物馆一样，馆内一样收藏了许多的石器和陶瓷制品，关于这些我就不再详加赘述，这里是西藏，我就捡些和西藏有关的说说好了。这颗金印是康熙五十二年时册封五世达赖罗桑益西为“臣额尔德尼”时所赐之金印。五世达赖对于当时的政局稳定起到了很大的作用，他坚持和睦团结，，人们都称他为“伟大的五世”。早在很久之前，藏传佛教就随着当时吐蕃的军事，政治的极大扩张而兴盛起来了，吐蕃的赞普让家中的长子出家为僧以示对佛教的尊崇，更让佛教徒参与政事，以至于之后西藏形成了政教合一的政治格局，这才有了六世达赖仓央嘉措的悲剧。那个被政治牺牲的年轻的生命和他那小心翼翼的无处安放的爱情。贝叶经，原产于印度，巴基斯坦，克什米尔等地，是用金汁或是银汁书写在一种叫作贝加罗树叶上的珍贵的佛教经典。由于战争，许多的经书都遭到了毁坏，而西藏由于兴佛而引进了很多的佛教经典，当然也包括了贝叶经，因此避过战乱而得以保存。所以现在是贝叶经保存最多的地方，贝叶经存于西藏的布达拉宫，博物馆和哲蚌寺。这个面具是跳藏戏时所佩戴的格萨尔王面具。<格萨尔王传>是一部藏族长篇英雄史诗，藏族的民间文学巨著。它讲述了格萨尔王一生为藏民降妖伏魔，除暴安良，南征北战，统一了各个部落，大到老人小到孩童多少都知道一些格萨尔王的故事，现在在那曲的一些茶馆里仍然还有着民间艺人们在唱着格萨尔史诗，每一个艺人们所知道的有关格萨尔的故事都不一样，每一个老人们也都有自己喜欢的说唱艺人。唐卡，意为可移动的佛像，藏族人民对佛教的尊崇是我们无法想象的，由于早期游牧民族的特殊性，他们不可能守着一片草地从春吃到冬，当草场没草时他们就会拆下帐篷，赶着牛羊去寻找下一块水草丰美的住所，周而复始，这样就导致了他们不可能每到一个地方就建一座寺庙来崇拜，于是他们就把佛像画在了布上，这样当他们迁徙时就可以把佛像卷起来带走，这样无论走到哪里都不会影响藏民的礼佛。唐卡上的颜色来自于各种珍贵的宝石，蓝色的蓝松石，绿色的绿松石，黄色的黄金，白色的珍珠，也正是因为这些名贵的石头，再加上制作唐卡时的繁复与费时，所以唐卡的价格是昂贵的。画匠们将那些名贵的石头磨成细细的粉末，再加上牛胆等物质，按照一定的配比配制而成，永不褪色。通常唐卡的绘制，画匠们将画板的顶端牵一根绳悬挂于屋顶，自己则盘腿坐在低矮的凳子上，画板的下沿搁在自己盘起的双腿上，画底稿，一层一层的着色，勾线，最后点上佛的眼睛，画匠们说，最初师傅会自己亲自给佛像点上眼睛，只有当徒弟们的技法十分纯熟了，师傅才会放心让徒弟们独自完成最后的步骤。今晚记流水账。。。7月9日，10日，11日伙伴们的陆续抵达，我结束了独自游荡的日子，这几天我们在拉萨的街头厮混中彼此熟悉，从网络的想象到生活的真实。相约清晨去药王山拍布达拉宫的日出，清早的西藏寒冷异常，风呼呼的吹，到得太早，药王山的小门要到7点才开，我们几个徘徊在山脚下，找寻着避风的所在，徒劳无功。开门的人姗姗来迟，赶紧爬上去各自占据了有利地形，又在寒风中等待。。。唉，这个早上算是白来了，没有日出，只有寒风，冷。我放弃了，下到门口收钱的师傅的小房子里避风，门口的师傅很乐意我帮他看看大门，嘻嘻。。。半小时后，伙伴们也放弃了，找了一茶馆，吃一顿藏式的早餐，酥油茶加藏面，说实话，藏面真是有够难吃的，面条很粗，由于高原气压的缘故，面条很难被煮透煮软，咬起来有点硬，面汤倒是很不错呢，好喝。早餐之后，秋，无泪和我去布宫帮别的队友排队拿布达拉宫的预约券，上布达拉宫需要提前一天拿身份证到布宫的侧门领取预约券，第二天再凭着预约券上预约的时间到布宫参观。娃娃和开水则回去与球会合办理尼泊尔的证，各自行动。感谢无泪下午陪我去办理那麻烦的边防证日出前的布宫，漆黑一片，达赖不在，到底谁在里边住呢？住在这里该是多少喇嘛的愿望啊？好奇啊，实在是好奇难吃的藏面，好喝的面汤，还行的酥油茶今晚记流水账。。。7月9日，10日11日伙伴们陆续抵达，我结束独自游荡的日子，这几天我们在拉萨的街头厮混中彼此熟悉，从网络的想象到生活的真实。10日，相约去拍药王山的日出，清晨的西藏寒冷异常，风呼呼的吹，药王山的小门要到7点才开，到得太早，我们徘徊在山脚下，找寻避风的所在，徒劳无功。开门的人终于姗姗来迟，赶紧爬上去，各自占据有利地形，摆开架势，之后又是无尽的等待。唉，这天算是白来了，没有日出，只有寒风，冷。我放弃了，下到山下的买票小屋去避风，顺便再帮看门的师傅收收门票，嘻嘻。。。半小时后，伙伴们也放弃了，寻一茶馆，吃一顿藏式的早餐，酥油茶加藏面。说实话，那藏面真是有够难吃的，面条很粗，由于高原气压的缘故，面条很难被煮透煮软，咬起来有点硬硬的，面条不咋地，面汤倒还不错，好喝。早餐之后，秋，无泪和我去布宫排队帮队友拿布宫的预约券，上布宫需要提前一天拿身份证到布宫的侧门领取预约券，第二天再凭预约券到布宫购票参观。娃娃和开水则回去和球会合去办理尼泊尔的证，各自行动。感谢无泪下午陪我去办理边防证没有日出的日出前的布宫，漆黑一片。达赖不在，是谁住在里面呢？住在这里该是多少喇嘛的愿望啊？好奇啊，实在是好奇！！难吃的藏面，好喝的面汤，还行的酥油茶12日要开始阿里之行了，我是否该先把我们的线路报告一下呢？此次的线路是茉莉姐姐和无泪费尽心思做出来的，茉莉姐姐和无泪弄好一切琐碎，我们只管享受，(*^__^*) 嘻嘻…… 那我就先把路书贴出来好了，此次反走阿里，纳木错进，日喀则出，很特别呢DAY1：拉萨——纳木措——班戈DAY2：班戈——尼玛DAY3：尼玛——文布北村——文布南村DAY4：文布南村——措勤DAY5：措勤——帕江——仁多DAY6：仁多——亚热——普兰DAY7：普兰——塔钦，转山第一天DAY8：转山第二天DAY9：塔钦——扎达DAY10：扎达——仲巴——萨嘎DAY11：萨嘎——吉隆DAY12：吉隆——老定日DAY13：老定日——珠峰DAY14：珠峰——日喀则DAY15：日喀则——拉萨第二天我们本来定的是到文布南村的，后来因为我们在辽阔的草原里迷路了，天色又太晚，我们只好又返回到中午路过的县城尼玛，双湖的行程也因路况不妙而遗憾的放弃了。西行阿里，走在朝圣的路上，不安，兴奋与紧张，许多的地方仍是无人区，既无公路也无食宿，人类的足迹尚未踏足这片土地。那是生命的禁区，它拒绝了人类生命的呈现。可是，野生动物却是阿里草原上最为自由的精灵，它们肆意的奔跑在草原上，与风与云与草做伴。阿里恶劣的气候，清贫的生活，却因信仰的强大力量而丰富，人们虔诚的转山，令人动容。当然还有那一路上的各种措，纳木措，色林措，扎日南木措，当惹雍错，玛旁雍错。。。都是阿里的措，我们只能一措再措，将措就措。阿里的山，阿里的云，阿里的风，阿里的阿里，就让山林原野收留我们的梦想，带我们去远方。7月12日出发喽！一行11人，3辆车。在去往班戈的路上，路过一个小村子，当地的村民正在过一个叫”望果节“的节日，据我们的藏族师傅说，这个节日没有固定的日子，是根据青稞的成熟时间来定的，在青稞成熟之前，人们用这种方式以祈求粮食的丰收。纳木措是我们遇到的第一个措，兴奋自是无需言表。纳木措与羊卓雍错，玛旁雍错并称为西藏的三大圣湖。纳木措湖面海拨4800米，湖水清澈，它的形成和发育受地质构造控制，是经由喜马拉雅凹陷而成，现今湖水仍在不断的退缩，至今湖周围留有曾经的古湖岸线。下车就是一通狂拍，快门咔咔的响。因为反走阿里，我们来到的不是通常游客去的那一片湖畔，那里满满的全是游人，人头攒动，满满的全是商业。这一片湖畔，除了我们，没有别人。大家在湖边拗着各种造型，跳跃的，武打的，文艺的。。。总之就是怎么疯狂怎么来自拍是必须滴，拗造型也是要滴 7月13日，班戈——尼玛今天我们真正的进入藏北草原，都知道阿里的野生动物多，可真正看到时还是难掩激动！在电视上书籍上听到很多关于藏羚羊的话语，可那都很遥远，初见在原野上悠闲吃草的藏羚羊，哇！那个激动啊！嘴里叫着“师傅师傅，快停车快停车！”一边急急的摇下车窗，拿起相机就拍，可那精灵也实在警觉，我们还在远远的，它就已经被吓跑了藏北高原，荒无人烟，平均海拔都在5000以上，严酷的环境，恶劣的气候，是人类生命的禁区，却是野生动物们的天堂。因为这些可爱的生灵，阿里不是寂静无声的荒原，它充满了生命的律动。曾见识过新疆大地无边无尽的荒野戈壁，那个无助让人绝望，满眼尽是黄色的沙，没有水没有草，天上没有飞鸟，地上没有走兽，怎么远望，看到的都和脚下的一样，茫茫一片。与新疆的茫茫戈壁不同，阿里的天地是那样的宽广，生命是那样的鲜活。藏野驴，藏羚羊，野牦牛，旱獭，野兔。。。在无尽的草原，艰难的生存者，每一个渺小的生命都充满了生的渴望。这也许就是阿里的美之所在吧！有一个措，是色林措吗？还是措愕？？不知道，就连我们的藏族师傅都吃不准，不管了，反正是阿里的措往阿里没有路，因为处处都是路，只要你愿意，车怎么开都行。所谓的路，不过是车轮在石头上压出的印痕而已。一路上，这样的情景不断的被重复，仿佛你真的在天堂，又似乎踏上了火星远处倾盆大雨，我们这儿却是阳光普照措措措，今天的第二个措，唉，还是不知道名字午餐喽，阿里，别说是餐厅了，能看到人就不错了，通常我们在茫茫草原上走一天都看不到人，这为我们接下来的迷路带来了大麻烦。出发之前，超市的大采购，就是我们每天的午餐厨房，要什么有什么，要什么没什么;P 没有餐厅，满草原随便坐，包场用餐。席地而坐，胡乱的吃，开心的说笑，糌粑配咸菜也一样美味荒凉，只有云团在飞白天方便来方便去，晚上我们可就不方便喽。完蛋了，迷路啦！！！！！原定今天的目的地是要到达文布南村的，120公里的路程，出发之前，师傅说4,5个小时能到了。到了天黑，居然还没看到哪怕一点点的村庄的影子。要知道，西藏的天可是要到晚上10点才会黑呢！不得不承认，我们迷路了，这回真的成了原野上的藏野驴了，迷失在旷野里。藏北高原，荒无人烟，由于没有路，也最易迷失方向，无边无际的无人区，若是走不出去，危险是显然的。想问路，对不起，不行。在这里，即便是你懂十种语言也无济于事，根本就没人让你问，城市里万能的手机也早就在进入草原后变成了一堆废铁。虽然我们带着食物和睡袋，可阿里夜晚的危险和寒冷是我们无法想象的。通过和师傅们协商，我们决定回到中午路过的一个叫尼玛的小县城。夕阳下坠到了地平线之下，大地即将沉入黑暗，而我们还将被这片黑暗包围。天空上演着晚霞变幻莫测的剧目，时间因这昼夜的交替，每一秒都让人感动远处的地平线下，放射出一片神秘的光，让人百思不得其解，阿里之美，只这一刻，足以打动。([]

枕上豪门：冷血总裁的心尖妻

韩美慧

走进世博会——中国2010年上海世博会介绍（世博系列之一）目录前言一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主 3、以往部分世博会简介二、中国与世界博览会 1、中国与世博会的渊源 2、中国参加世博会的获奖产品 3、新中国参加过的历届世博会 4、中国以往举办的世园会三、2010年世界博览会（Expo 2010）总体介绍 1、上海世博会申办的过程 2、世博会主 3、会徽 4、吉祥物 5、确认参展的国家和组织 6、上海世博会场地 7、上海世博会园区规划 8、2010年上海世博会门票 9、上海世博会世博轴 10、上海世博会世博公园 11、上海世博会演艺中心 12、上海世博会世博中心 13、上海世博会世博论坛 14、上海世博会网上世博会 15、上海世博会文化演艺活动 16、上海世博会世博村四、参展展馆 1、上海世博会主馆 2、上海世博会中国国家馆 3、亚洲馆 4、欧洲馆 5、美洲馆 6、非洲馆 7、大洋洲馆 8、其他国际组织馆 9、企业馆 10、上海世博会城市最佳实践区1# 老顽童thtsjy 前言 2010年是世博年，我们作为本届世博会举办地——上海的市民，愿为世博会尽绵薄之力。为此，我们综合了参观《走进世博会——中国2010年世博会暨世博会历史回顾展览》（在上海展览馆举办）、探访“中国2010年上海世博会展示中心”（位于淮海中路香港新世界大厦三楼）以及收集的有关世博会资料，整理成庚寅年第一帖，奉献给诸位参考。鉴于我们自身文字和拍照水平的局限、收集资料渠道的受限、整理功力的有限，本帖存在诸多不足，恳请各位指教，深表感谢！ 16# zj522522 感谢以上各位支持，祝你们虎年吉祥！ 17# 老顽童thtsjy 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来在古代农耕社会，人们往往在庆贺丰收、宗教仪式、欢度喜庆的节日里展开交易活动，后来逐渐发展成为定期的、有固定场所的、以物品交换为目的的大型贸易及展示的集会。这就是世博会的最早形式。公元5世纪，波斯举办了第一个超越集市功能的展览会。 18世纪，随着新技术和新产品的不断出现，人们逐渐想到举办与集市相似，但只展不卖，以宣传、展出新产品和成果为目的的展览会。1791年捷克在首都布拉格首次举办了这样的展览会。随着科学技术的进步，社会生产力的发展，展览会的规模也逐步扩大，参展的地域范围从一地扩大到全国，由国内延伸到国外，直至发展成为由许多国家参与的世界性博览会。 26# 老顽童thtsjy 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主1851年英国伦敦万国工业产品大博览会1853年美国纽约万国工业产品博览会1855年法国巴黎世界工农业和艺术博览会1862年英国伦敦国际工业和艺术博览会1865年爱尔兰都柏林世界博览会1867年法国巴黎第2届巴黎世界博览会1873年奥地利维也纳世界博览会1876年美国费城美国独立百年展览会1878年法国巴黎第3届巴黎世界博览会1880年澳大利亚墨尔本世界博览会1883年荷兰阿姆斯特丹国际博览会1889年法国巴黎第4届巴黎世界博览会1893年美国芝加哥哥伦布纪念博览会1897年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1900年法国巴黎第5届巴黎世界博览会1904年美国纪念路易斯安娜购置一百周年博览会1905年比利时列日世界博览会1906年意大利米兰世界博览会1908年英国伦敦世界博览会1910年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1913年比利时甘特世界博览会1915年美国旧金山巴拿马太平洋博览会1925年法国巴黎国际装饰美术博览会1926年美国费城建国150周年世界博览会1929年西班牙巴塞罗那世界博览会1933年美国芝加哥世界博览会——“一个世纪的进步”1935年比利时布鲁塞尔万国博览会——“通过竞争获取和平”1936年瑞典斯德哥尔摩世界博览会1937年法国巴黎现代生活艺术世界博览会——“现代世界的艺术和技术”1938年芬兰赫尔辛基航空世界博览会1939年比利时国际水资源博览会1939-1940年美国纽约世界博览会——“明日新世界”1939-1940年美国旧金山金门世界博览会1949年瑞典国际体育博览会1949年海地王子港世界博览会1953年以色列耶路撒冷世界博览会1954年意大利航海世界博览会1955年瑞典世界生活艺术博览会1955年意大利都灵国际体育博览会1956年以色列柑橘栽培展览会1957年德国柏林世界博览会1958比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会——“科学、文明和人性”1961年意大利都灵世界博览会1962年美国西雅图廿一世纪博览——“太空时代的人类”1964-1965年美国纽约世界博览会——“通过理解走向和平”1965年德国慕尼黑交通运输世界博览会1967年加拿大蒙持利尔世界博览会——“人类与世界”1968年美国圣安东尼奥世界博览会——“美洲大陆的文化交流”1970年日本大阪日本世界博览会——“人类的进步与和谐”1971年匈牙利布达佩斯世界狩猎博览会1974年美国斯波坎环境世界博览会——“无污染的进步”1975年日本冲绳国际海洋博览会——“海洋-充满希望的未来”1981年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1982年美国诺克斯维世界能源博览会——“能源-世界的原动力”1984年美国新奥尔良路易西安纳世界博览会——“河流的世界-水乃生命之源”1985年日本筑波万国博览会——“居住与环境人类的家居科技”1985年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1986年加拿大温哥华世界交通与通讯博览会——“交通与运输”1988年澳大利亚布里斯班世界博览会——“科技时代的休闲生活”1990年日本大阪世界博览会——“人类与自然”1991年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1992年西班牙塞维利亚世界博览会——“发现的时代”1992年意大利热那亚世界博览会——“哥伦布-船与海”1993年韩国大田世界博览会——“新的起飞之路”1998年葡萄牙里斯本海洋博览会——“海洋——未来的财富”1999年中国昆明世界博览会——“人与自然，迈向二十一世纪”2000年德国汉诺威世界博览会——“人类-自然-科技-发展”2005年日本爱知爱．地球博——“自然、城市、和谐——生活的艺术”2008年西班牙萨拉戈萨世界博览会2010年中国上海世界博览会——“城市,让生活更美好”2012年韩国丽水世界博览会2015年意大利米兰世界博览会 29# 老顽童thtsjy 3、历届部分世博会简介水晶宫的魅力——1851年英国伦敦第一届世界博览会纪实全世界第一场世界博览会——1851年万国工业博览会在英国首都伦敦的海德公园举行，展期是1851年5月1日至10月11日，主要内容是世界文化与工业科技，借此博览会英国在当时展现了工业革命后技冠群雄、傲视全球的辉煌成果。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了首届世博会 19世纪前半叶，欧洲工业革命正如火如荼地进行，科学技术的飞速发展，使人类生活发生了巨大的变化。在英国，自维多利亚女王登基后，当时的英国在世界工业中一马当先。同时资本的高速聚集和运作，英国也成为当时欧洲金融的中心。这些因素触发了英国将在世界舞台上演绎主角的欲望。此前，欧洲各国举办工业博览会已不是新鲜事，特别是英国、法国在工业革命的推动下，都举办了多届有影响的工业产品博览会，以此来推广本国的工业生产技术和宣传新产品。频频举办工业博览会使英国萌发了举办一次世界各国参与的博览会。成立于1754年的英国皇家艺术协会历来承担国家展览会的组织工作，担任皇家艺术协会主席的阿尔伯特亲王具有一种与传统理念所不同的开明思想和创新精神。1849年，艺术协会开始酝酿筹划规模更大的博览会时，阿尔伯特提出“博览会必须是国际性的、展品要有外国产品参加”的设想，要求能在伦敦海德公园中找到最好的展览场地，以举办一届规模宏大的世界博览会。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了第一届世博会在英国诞生。确立规则，女王广邀宾客 1849年6月30日，一次历史性的会议在白金汉宫召开，参加者有皇家艺术协会成员、全国博览会组委会成员、建筑公司成员和阿尔伯特亲王。会议作出了7项重要决定：1、世博会展品分为四个大类：原材料、机械、工业制品和雕塑作品；2、将建一幢特别临时建筑作为世博会展厅；3、举办场地选在海德公园南侧；4、博览会将是国际性的，由国家发出参展邀请；5、组委会将提供大量奖金以鼓励参展者；6、将成立一个皇家委员会来主办世博会；7、世博会财政集资由艺术家协会负责。会议之后，组委会立即起草并提交给政府关于成立世博会皇家委员会的申请。组委会成员到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的65个城镇和法国等一些欧洲国家进行了游说，动员参展。 1849年10月17日，组委会举行了一次大规模的公共会议，向伦敦市最有影响力的商人和银行家描述了世博会的整个计划。艺术协会的项目融资也有了进展，25万英镑的保证金解决了财务问。很快，议会两院也以多数票同意在海德公园内举行博览会。 1850年1月3日，世博会皇家委员会成立。随后，维多利亚女王便以国家名义向世界各国发出世博会参展邀请。 31# 老顽童thtsjy 一个方案拯救了首届世博会世博会的筹备工作开局颇为顺利，但是困难却是接踵而来。一是时间紧，距世博会开幕仅有一年半，具体工作尚未启动；二是集资困难，运作资金尚有很大缺口；三是社会上有大量意见反对使用海德公园举办世博会，因为建造展馆将会破坏树林和环境。但最大的麻烦是世博会展馆的设计与建造问。 1849年底成立的世博会建筑委员会立即向各国发出展馆设计的邀请。尽管方案征集仅有三个星期，但委员会仍收到245个方案，却没有一个获胜者。因为所有方案都是古典、永久性的建筑形式。这不仅使阿尔伯特等陷入困境，甚至有导致世博会流产的危险。正在皇家委员会一筹莫展时，一个不经意的方案不仅成功地挽救了世博会，更是成为人类历史上的里程碑作品，甚至建筑物作品的本身成为了第一届世博会最成功的展品。这便是园艺工约瑟夫·帕克斯顿和他的创作“水晶宫”。意外发现睡莲化作“水晶宫” 1837年，一位英国探险家在圭亚那发现美丽的王莲，便采集种子带回英国交给查丝华斯庄园首席园艺师约瑟夫·帕克斯顿(Joseph Paxton)种植。三个月后，王莲长出11片巨大的叶子和开出美丽的花朵。帕克斯顿将花以维多利亚命名王莲Victoria amazonica Sowerby（Royal Water Lily,Amazon Water-platter），并作为礼物送给了维多利亚女王。自此他与阿尔伯特亲王相识并成为挚友。王莲越长越大。有一天他把7岁的小女儿抱在其中一片叶子上观赏花朵，水上飘逸的绿叶居然轻而易举地承担起她的体重。帕克斯顿翻开叶子观察其背面，只见粗壮的径脉纵横呈环形交错，构成既美观又可以负担巨大的承重力的整体。这个发现顿时给了他灵感，一种新的建筑理念在脑中形成。不久他在为王莲建造查丝华斯温室时，用铁栏和木制拱胁为结构、玻璃为墙面，首创了新颖的温室。该建筑除了简洁明快的功能外，建筑构件可以预先制造，不同构件可以根据建筑大小需要组合装配，这样的建筑成本低廉，施工快捷。帕克斯顿听说了在海德公园建造展览场馆之事，立即毛遂自荐愿意提供他的建筑方案。帕克斯顿的设计方案在众人的关注下最终被敲定，记者Douglas Jerrold在报上将它称之为“水晶宫”，这个名称一直流传至今。1850年9月26日，水晶宫奠基。6个月不到就竣工了。整幢建筑是现代化大规模工业生产技术的结晶。 38# 老顽童thtsjy 博览盛会，创造历史水晶宫建造的同时，组委会挑选和收集各类展品的工作进展加快。博览会共有18000个参加商，提供了10万多件展品。组委会另设特别评选委员会对展品评选，评出5084奖项，其中外国人获得3045项。 1851年5月1日早上9时，水晶宫开门接纳来参加开幕式的客人。50多万人聚集在海德公园四周。11时30分，9驾皇家马车列队离开了白金汉宫前往海德公园参加世博会开幕大典，12时的钟声敲响，在“哈利路亚”乐曲声中，王室和他们的随行人员进入展览宫。水晶宫内挂满万国彩旗，参观人流摩肩接踵，各种工艺品、艺术雕塑琳琅满目、目不暇接。人们惊奇地观看来自不同国家的发明、珍奇和不同产品。参观者最感兴趣的是不同的机器发明。人们目瞪口呆地看着开槽机，钻孔机，拉线机，纺纱机，造币机，抽水机等各种机器工作，让人领悟到工业革命给世界带来的变化。当然，最受赞誉的还是水晶宫，这座原本是为世博会展品提供展示的场馆却成了第一届世博会中最成功的作品和展品。水晶宫成为世博会的志。水晶宫成就了世博会的举办，世博会的成功又为世界上第一次聚集众多国家，为了一个和平的目的交流不同文化、科技成果开创了先例。 1851年共有6039195人次参观了首届世博会。同年10月14日伦敦世博会举行了闭幕式，世博会圆满结束，并获得了186437英镑的利润。世博会结束后水晶宫移至伦敦南部的西得汉姆，并以更大的规模重新建造，1854年6月10日由维多利亚女王主持向公众开放。它作为伦敦的娱乐中心存在了82年。1936年11月30日晚上6点，中央大厅员工厕所突然着火，大火烧遍了整幢建筑。水晶宫的焚毁宣告了辉煌的维多利亚时代结束。 43# 老顽童thtsjy 1853年美国纽约世博会 1853年的世博会在美国纽约举办，主办者效仿英国也用钢铁和玻璃建造了一个大型展馆，同样称之为“水晶宫”，但规模却小得多，仅及英国的三分之一。 45# 老顽童thtsjy 46# 老顽童thtsjy 胜家缝纫机公司（Singer）是美国第一家成功的跨国公司，其主打产品——缝纫机被誉为继农用锄具发明之后的又一伟大发明，并被称为“世界上最著名的机械”。1853年纽约世博会上展出的胜家缝纫机已具备以后一百多年间的家用缝纫机的基本功能。 47# 老顽童thtsjy 48# 老顽童thtsjy 1852年，奥的斯发明了动力上升梯子的安全装置，并在1853年纽约世博会上演示其发明。现代电梯仍使用奥的斯当年的发明创造。 52# 老顽童thtsjy 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会上，一种起源于古罗马、风行于16世纪欧洲宫廷、而为爱尔兰妇女所钟爱的蕾丝作品，以其华美典丽而令人炫目，并由此推广成为平民女子的美丽服饰。 54# 老顽童thtsjy 1867年巴黎世博会 1867年在法国巴黎举办的世博会，已经具备了现代世博会的雏形。主展馆为490X380米的巨大橄圆形建筑，中心为公园，四周为展厅，16条通道分割展区，给各参展国设计自己独立的展馆。 57# 老顽童thtsjy 蓝色的多瑙河——记1873年维也纳世博会世博会的举办与规划十九世纪中后期，通过举办世博会来提高国家地位，已被许多国家认同和追逐。1870年，奥地利政府为将首都维也纳推进到世界先进城市行列，同时也为清除1866年普奥战争失败后的笼罩在城市上空的阴霾，向世界宣布：举办1873年维也纳世界博览会，主为纪念约瑟夫一世执政25周年。世博会举办地选择在风光秀丽的多瑙河边，这条河随着几年前施特劳斯著名的圆舞曲《蓝色的多瑙河》而名声鹊起。维也纳中央公园被选作博览会会场，面积达233公倾。维也纳市政当局想利用举办世博会的时机，对旧城区建筑大举实施改造，拆去城壁，打通市中心与郊外的联系，多瑙河也在整改范围之列，涉及水道绵延半英里，拓展河道工程产生的50万立方的砂砾被用于世博会会址之用。整个工程规划由建筑师凯利·哈森那根据意大利文艺复兴时期的风格设计。由于前几届世博会的启示，维也纳世博会的组织者已开始注重建筑的功能与美观结合，强调建筑的整体魅力。设计中的宏伟庞大的主建筑群——工业宫，面积达7万平方米,工业宫建筑结构合理，长907米,宽206米。中央与园顶大厅相连,两侧留有宽25米主廊，主廊与长145米、宽15米的侧廊相交。侧廊之间有多个宽45米,长75米庭院,所有建筑均建有屋顶，观众入口装饰处建造了凯旋门和不同历史风格的大门。工业宫建筑开创了世博会历史中建造大型联体展览建筑物的先列。 60# 老顽童thtsjy 世界第八大奇观——圆顶大厅罗托纳达维也纳世博会上建筑亮点是由斯各特·罗素设计的工业宫中央圆顶大厅罗托纳达。罗素曾担任1851年伦敦世博会参展委员会的秘书。该大厅设计显然受到了1851年世博会“官方”建筑计划书的启发，风格极其相同。罗托纳达圆形大厅，顶高83米,直径约110米,成为当时世界上最大的圆顶大厅建筑，比罗马的圣·皮耶尔大教堂的48米圆顶和伦敦的圣保罗大教堂37米圆顶确实大了许多。圆形大厅的结构也是用金属制作，建设周期仅18个月,时间之短在当时令人难以置信。建筑被称之为世界第八大奇观。圆形大厅其锥形屋顶由32根粗大的柱子支撑，圆顶之上有一个直径为28米的穹隆塔顶，再上面是一个直径为7米的小型穹隆灯塔，最高处是一个奥地利皇冠的巨大复制品，由皇冠珠宝的仿制品装饰。这个巨大的园顶建筑物引起了轰动效应，也倾倒了观众。世博会期间共有206270位参观者踏着台阶登到圆顶皇冠处，饱览维也纳城市的迷人景色并为壮观的建筑而荣耀。整个博览会除工业宫建筑群外，还有机械厅、美术馆、园艺馆等新建190多幢建筑，整个世博会把现实和艺术，现代和古老，东方和西方不同建筑元素和谐地融为一体。 64# 老顽童thtsjy 布展独特展品丰富建筑群内的中央广场呈东西走向，圆形大厅中央安放着土耳其苏丹二赠送的美丽装饰喷泉。四周由回廊环绕，陈列各国展品。维也纳世博会组织者，为了使展品分类越加合理，将展品分成26种，分类数增加到162个,其目的是“将创造发明、工业化生产与人类教育、生活品味和生活质量的发展相适应”。 16个展示厅内布局根据国家位置而设计展示体系，每个国家的展品都靠着其地理上的邻国，所以只要观赏了不同国家的展品，就可以获知基本的世界地理知识。奥地利展品中给人印象比较深的是一副刻画政治家在普法战争中形象的象牙棋子和一颗重达8吨、长50英尺放置在水银池中的巨型炮弹，使人想起1866年那场不幸的那场战争。埃及展示了世界注目的苏伊士运河工程模型。埃及政府把设计展区的任务委托给了一批德国的著名埃及史研究专家。他们在设计中将四年前刚开始动工的工程建筑与埃及风光、风情巧妙结合，把埃及的地理、历史和社会进程关系完美的展示给观众。瑞典提供了一个模范学校的教育展示，从教室的课桌设计到学生教材丛书和办学规划，让观众了解公共教育的重要性。　　维也纳世博会主办者强调发明和设计理念：科学和艺术，工业和手艺、过去和将来之间，需在美感和实用性的大前提下具有审美价值，构建完美的和谐关系。文化艺术类展品则显示了主办国-维也纳城市特有的强项。世博会中，奥地利为维也纳城市设计了专展览，展览以丰富多样的形式，详细阐述了建成于罗马时代的维也纳城市中城堡、宫殿、街道、广场和著名建筑物的历史故事。该展览最令人激动的是节日欢庆和比赛活动部分，每天的露天音乐会，由约翰.施特劳斯指挥管弦乐队演奏不同圆舞曲和圣歌，当然最受欢迎的便是“蓝色的多瑙河”，因为只有在音乐之都-维也纳，在美丽的多瑙河边，在世博会特有欢乐的氛围中聆听施特劳斯亲自演绎的“蓝色的多瑙河”，才能真正体验和感受到艺术家的真情和艺术作品的魅力所在。维也纳世博会中有两个艺术展馆展示来自世界各地的艺术珍品。法国、俄罗斯提供了众多的名家绘画作品。维也纳画家汉斯麦卡特画成的那幅长17米宽4米的巨作，尤其受人瞩目。古典艺术品中有希腊、意大利送来的大理石雕像，其中有帕台农圣庙的复制品和米洛的维纳斯雕像，据说当时维纳斯的双手还在。　　维也纳世博会于1873年5月1日开幕，11月2日闭幕，共有35个国家、4万多参展商应邀参加，仅有725万人次参观了世博会。最后财务的统计表明，世博会的总投资956万美元，但收益仅是其开支的六分之一，被认为是19世纪重大的财政失败例子之一。维也纳世博会结束后，工业宫部分建筑群成为了维也纳玉米交易所，机器厅等被专门划出用于北方铁路货物和谷物储存中心。但是工业宫建筑和著名的圆顶建筑也同许多历史上世博会建筑一样，遭遇了悲惨的命运，它被1937年的一场大火摧毁。 66# 老顽童thtsjy 1876年费城世博会 1876年的美国费城世博会是一次重要的博览会，这是一届为庆祝美国建国百年而举办的世博会。费城的费尔蒙特公园，是世界上最大的城市公园，也是1876年世博会会址。 68# 老顽童thtsjy 自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物。为参加费城世博会庆典，就将已完成了的自由女神像手臂和火炬先送去。直到1886年，自由女神像才在美国纽约安装完毕。 70# 老顽童thtsjy 爱迪生是19世纪最伟大的发明家，他的许多发明都曾在早期世博会上展出。 73# 老顽童thtsjy 就在这一年，贝尔博士发明了世界第一部电话，立即送到了博览会上展出，也是在这一年，中国第一条铁路在吴淞至上海开通。 75# 老顽童thtsjy 1878年法国巴黎世博会爱迪生发明的话筒、留声机等在本届世博会上展出。 78# 老顽童thtsjy 永远的埃菲尔铁塔——1889年巴黎世博会的产物铁塔的由来 1884年11月8日,法国下院议会做出决定：1889年5月3日至11月6日，法国巴黎将举办第三届世博会。主：庆祝法国大革命胜利100周年。 1886年5月，世博会组委会组织博览会的规划设计招。中者中有设计师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔。埃菲尔建议世博会场地放在巴黎火星广场和托罗卡德罗地区，展览面积100公顷。他在规划中创意建造一座300米高的志性建筑塔。世博会的组织者们更是兴奋地建议：百年盛会中建造的志性高塔建筑，必须征集到大师们的作品，因为只有大师蕴涵的艺术天赋作品才能完美体现法国崇尚文化，独具和无可争议的优势。招的结果是收到了1000份极富创意的方案，其中花样百出。如，设计一座巨大的断头台以象征帝国的死亡。设计一座350米的金字塔，塔上雕刻有英雄雕像和浮雕以描述大革命的主要事件等等。但是，最“异想天开”的设计，还是来自年轻的设计师，古斯塔夫.埃菲尔的金属拱门塔方案。埃菲尔创意：“建造一座新颖的金属凯旋拱门来为现代科学和法国工业增光。这座拱门会给人独特的印象，也会超过历史上各种凯旋门形式。” 组委会委员、市政当局经比较和讨论，最终埃菲尔的铁塔门方案获得批准，当时新闻界大多数人也都对此方案表示欢迎。不过，所有人并没有料到，他们通过的这个方案成就了世博会历史上最激动人心的作品，也使1889年的世博会成为了经典。 80# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔设计和建造古斯塔夫-埃菲尔，1832年生于第戎，中学毕业后，他到巴黎中央大学求学。他在设计建造波尔多的杜罗河桥时，由于解决了桥梁支柱的稳定性的难而初露峰芒。很快，他又参与设计在美国纽约“自由女神”像，因内部复杂的结构而名杨四海。通过一个个大胆创新的建筑项目中，年轻的埃菲尔的才能很快得到了充分展示。埃菲尔在方案通过后，在40个助手帮助下，绘制了5300幅工程图，涉及到建筑18038个部位。 1886年11月5日，法国贸易部长批准了埃菲尔团队提交的最后方案。并提供其预算2750万法郎中五分之一的资金。埃菲尔抵押了他的公司并设法筹足剩余五分之四的资金。 1887年1月铁塔正式开工，整个工地成了一个巨大的钢铁加工厂，每段钢材都在工厂里依照严密的计算，根据图纸精确制造，然后又严格检验、编号、并按图纸进行组装。高塔建造时现场并没有什么辅助脚架,全靠精密的计算和严密的管理，一根根沉重的钢材凭借手动液压装置精确顶到位置，再由人工用一个个烧红的铆钉，挥舞着铁锥一锤一锤加以铆接固定。铁塔用去15000根钢铁材料，二百五十万个铆钉，整座塔楼在水泥混凝土加固的底座上矗立。工程在28个月工期里，始终体现着严格而科学的秩序。 82# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔引发的争议埃菲尔自设计铁塔开始，面对的不仅是创新的技术难，还有因铁塔而引发的一场社会争议。因为，他的“通天塔”不仅激发了人们浓厚的好奇心，也产生了巨大的困惑。巴黎杰出的哥特建筑学派专家认为从数学角度考虑建造铁塔是不可能的。而最大的反对意见来自于巴黎的文学艺术家们。以著名作家盖.德.莫泊桑为首的47位著名人士发起了一项反对铁塔名活动，名的备忘录提交给巴黎政府并在报纸上公开发表。反对和争议没有阻止建筑的进程，埃菲尔面对各种压力，始终沉着冷静，他认为铁塔一定会成功，他坚信建造铁塔将是完成一座人类理想的丰碑。铁塔在塞纳河边渐渐升高，反对的意见逐步减少。人们开始冷静地看待铁塔，并对它的整体进行评估：大胆独创的铁塔，新颖别致的造型，直冲天穹的力量，张扬中却又充溢着浪漫的轻盈。这一切不又体现了法兰西民族独有的创造和创新的精神吗？ 84# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔建造成功 1889年3月31日星期日，铁塔主建筑完工，埃菲尔与一些世博会高官一起登上了塔顶，并发射了21发礼炮以示庆祝。埃菲尔升起法国三色国旗并骄傲的宣告“现在，世界上只有法国国旗能飘扬在300米的高空”。艾菲尔铁塔，这个曾被嘲笑为“悲剧式的蜡烛台”，“可怕的钢材堆”“巨大的工业烟囱”为法国1889年巴黎世博会带来激情和滚滚财源。艾菲尔与巴黎政府的铁塔合约在1889年5月起开始回报，根据合同条款，20年中，铁塔收益归艾菲尔所有，铁塔就象一个金矿，这个金矿给艾菲尔带来了极大的效益。当20年后，铁塔移交给巴黎市，艾菲尔和巴黎市政府并没有料到，铁塔的收益会不断延续，在一个世纪后，铁塔仍然游人如织。 86# 老顽童thtsjy 世博会时的铁塔 1889年5月6日，随着埃菲尔铁塔上一声炮响，世博会正式开放，会期每天早晨铁塔上的炮声和晚上铁塔的灯光不仅成为世博会的景观，更是成为巴黎都市浪漫生活的组成。由于采用了电灯照明技术，这也成为第一次晚上也开放的世博会。 1889年世博会期间，登塔成为参观的主要目的和时髦，共有2百万人在会期参观了铁塔。埃菲尔铁塔有三层：第一层为57.63米，设不同的餐厅；第二层115.73米，设不同的办公室，特别是费加罗报的办公室，负责为参观者办理登塔证书；第三层276.13米，是服务区、气象台，实验室（物理，气象，生物）和艾菲尔的办公室，一般不对游人开放。埃菲尔铁塔有一部电梯，每次可容纳100人，斜升到57米高一层，另外一部可载50人的垂直电梯，开到115米高。电梯每小时可供2400人用。参观人也可以通过1792级楼梯徒步登塔，到顶层鸟瞰巴黎全景。 1886年，本茨制成世界上第一辆三轮内燃机汽车。1889年，本茨亲自驾驶着汽车在展示，大受欢迎，也预示人类的汽车时代已经到来。 1889年11月6日，法国卡尔诺总统主持了的盛大的世博会闭幕仪式，世博会明星爱迪生用新近发明的留声机，以播放埃菲尔宣布闭幕的声音作为博览会闭幕节目。 88# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔的精神 1923年埃菲尔去世时，他的铁塔仍是世界上最高的建筑物，这一记录一直保持到1930年纽约克莱斯勒大厦建成，它比埃菲尔铁塔仅高出几米。 100多年来，埃菲尔铁塔历经风雨，屹立在塞纳河边，并成为巴黎城市的组成部分。百岁铁塔并没有因时间推移而失去代表时尚的美名，它那高耸、浪漫的丰韵成为了法国的志。它凝聚着崇尚创新的法兰西民族精神，它张扬着近代科学文明的威力，它彰显着巴黎城市无穷的文化魅力。当然，人们也不会忘记伟大的世界博览会，正是这样的一个创造、创新的舞台造就不朽的埃菲尔先生和永远的埃菲尔铁塔。 90# 老顽童thtsjy 1893年美国芝加哥世博会而今我们日常生活中离不开的拉链是由美国工程师Whitcomb L Judson发明并在1893年芝加哥世博会上亮相。 ([]

妖者为王

江维伦

1、两年一梦转加拉 2013年3月28日到4月5日，经过近两年的酝酿和筹备，西藏林芝转加拉朝圣之旅终于圆满完成。转加拉，两年一梦。在中国最美丽的春天，看那娇艳的桃花，在尘世中简单而努力地绽放。徒步世界最大的峡谷，观那雅鲁藏布江翡翠般的迷人项链百折不挠地生生不息。瞻中国最美丽的雪山，云雾朦胧中感动于南迦巴瓦圣洁的女神安详沉睡。访天脉神湖娜拉错，长途跋涉的艰辛只为换来看你一眼，天地一体洁白别样的风情不负两年的梦绕魂牵。穿行于莽莽林海雪原，在虚幻的童话世界里惊喜地感受真实。两年一梦，转加拉！晚至八一，大醉！欢迎加入“老史的驴友们”QQ群：9183788. （本图片摄影：五月的麦子） 2、感谢有你！在全体队友齐心协力下，转加拉朝圣之旅安全、顺利、圆满完成。感谢所有队友的辛勤付出。在尽情感受领悟、慢慢回忆品味那一幅幅美景的同时，你还记不记得那一路上一幕幕尽情的欢笑？ 2013，清明，西藏林芝，转加拉朝圣。感谢天！感谢地！感谢有你！人生如旅途，祝所有的朋友一生平安！ 3、行程安排 3月28日，拉萨--工布江达县。 3月29日，工布江达县--嘎拉村--派镇。 3月30日，派镇--吞白村--索松村。徒步，扎营。 3月31日，索松村--达林村--赤白村。徒步，农家。 4月1日，赤白村--加拉村。徒步，扎营。 4月2日，加拉村--直白村。徒步，扎营。 4月3日，直白村--格嘎村--南迦巴瓦大本营。徒步，扎营。 4月4日，南迦巴瓦大本营--松林口--娜拉错--松林口。徒步，扎营。 4月5日，松林口--派镇--八一。酒店。 4月6日，八一--拉萨。酒店。 4、这是一条有着浓郁文化底蕴的线路据传，莲花生大师在西藏传授佛法时，颇受阻折，同时他也预知了未来世界之乱。于是，莲华生大士依循着大悲的因缘，为了保存佛法，在东、南、西、北及中藏地区埋下了108处伏藏。这些很多教法、佛像、法药埋在不同的领域里——有的在瀑流，有的在山岩，有的在虚空，甚至有的在圣者的甚深禅定之中。加拉一带，相传是莲花生修行和传教的重点地域之一。古茹洞、阎罗宫、洞不弄等圣地也成为信教群众的朝圣点。长久以来，经历代掘藏师及高僧开发，加上信教群众的风尘仆仆的脚步，逐渐形成了转加拉朝圣路。 5、这是一条有着壮美自然景观的徒步线路。海拔7782米的南迦巴瓦2005年被《中国国家地理》评为中国最美的雪山。在本徒步线路中，会有多个不错的观测点；世界最大的雅鲁藏布江大峡谷奔腾不息。在本徒步线路中，会有5天的时间近距离感受她的呼吸。两江汇流、直白小拐弯等自然景观亦值得期待。 6、这是一条追寻内心平静禅定之路在川滇藏，各种“错”星罗棋布。但在南迦巴瓦的怀抱里，有那么一个“错”独居深闺，人迹罕至。这就是天脉神湖娜拉错。清明假期间的娜拉错冰清玉洁的样子，会给你的内心怎样的平静和震憾？ 7、爱她，和她在林芝看桃花三月的林芝，桃花朵朵开。雪山下，雅江边。田间，村头。山脚下，半山腰。一株株古老的桃树正绽放着芬芳。林芝的桃花，清闲淡雅而不妖艳，自有一种自然脱俗的韵味在枝头。与雪山为伴，与雅江为友，与青稞低语，与白云相依。林芝的桃花，在山色空濛中，为西藏的江南春色，增添了磅礴而细密的一笔。爱她，和她在林芝看桃花！ 8、3月28日，成都飞往拉萨途中。 3月28日，成都飞往拉萨的航班晚点半小时后起飞。此前，通过自助值机选择了一个左侧靠窗的座位。天气真好，连绵的雪山如在眼前。鸟瞰的感觉很棒。人生就是这样，也像一只鸟儿，只有飞到一定的高度，才能更清楚地看清脚下和远方的路。虽然那样可能更累。真的到了那个时候，你会不会因为有了更高的目，而继续迷茫甚至苦恼？ 9、生命的痕迹苍穹如洗。远处，一架飞机滑过，在天空中留下了一道印迹。然后，消失。雅安地震发生了，带走了数百人的生命，为无数的人留下了身体与心灵上的创伤。关于自然，关于人类，关于生命，关于生活的本真与意义，又涌上脑头。人的生命，短暂而脆弱。在谋生的同时，在尽义务的同时，我们是不是也应该考虑，怎么才让这短暂的生命更有意义。 10、南迦巴瓦的影子这条线路，实际上是“转加拉朝圣”与“徒步南迦巴瓦大本营”两条线路的结合体。看南迦巴瓦，当然是行程中的一个重点内容。在从成都飞往拉萨的空中，我一直盯着舷窗外面看，试图从空中看到南迦巴瓦穿过云层的伟岸身姿。 11、神奇的冰湖冰湖舷窗下，一“汪”冰雪之湖出现在眼前。白白的、纯净得如同一杯酸奶，安静地躺在大山的怀抱里。从形状上看，这好像是人工修筑的一个水坝，四周光滑平整。在这样的海拔高度，不知这个冰雪之湖覆着多么厚的冰雪。没有人能走近她。在这个神奇的世界上，她兀自静立。 12、美丽的贡嘎河谷经过两个多小时的飞行，飞机抵达贡嘎机场的上空。美丽的贡嘎河谷蜿蜒曲折。河水绿中泛蓝，蓝中含绿，在荒瘠的山间，却分割构勒出一副美丽奇妙的画卷。原始而荒凉的美似乎更能震撼人们柔软的内心。我们往往迷恋于这种美丽。但在美丽的背后，却是隐忧。冬春季节，河水回落，河床裸露部分极易成为扬尘和浮尘的发源地。致使贡嘎机场上空能见度降低，威胁着贡嘎机场的安全。特别是冬春季节，大风扬沙天气出现的可能性更大。所幸，扬沙天气影响的航班，主要是下午起降的航班，对早晨（上午）起降的航班，影响较小。所以，不管你是进藏还是出藏，还是选择上午的航班更踏实些。 13、告诉我，你怎样去生活宠物在争分夺秒地学习。吉祥在打酱油。河童从重庆中转来西藏。杯具的是，她急急忙忙提前就赶到了机场，航班却取消了！ “我的航班取消了！怎么办？”看着河童发来的短信，我似乎看到了她两眼涌出的喷泉般的泪。马上回了一条：“我们没时间等你了，你改成重庆几日游吧！” 根据原订计划，先期抵达拉萨的一凡提前准备好气罐等相应物资，然后直接和包车司机师傅到机场接我们，然后直接赶往派镇。很明显，计划又要再一次重新调整。这次行程，我把计划A调整成计划B，把计划B调整成计划C，把计划C调整成计划D。最后，从终点又回到了起点。原来通报一凡我们9点半到达贡嘎机场。上飞机后短信通知他，飞机晚点半个小时。只要上过小学的人，不用列算式，应该也能算出我们到达贡嘎机场的时间。不知道一凡在仓姑寺喝甜茶，还是借喝甜茶的幌子看美女。这厮居然计划中午12点来贡嘎机场。生活就是这样，如果你无力改变它，那就转变一下思路，干脆好好地享受吧。于是，我们无奈地，在贡嘎机场享受品味了把休闲时光。 14、贡嘎机场，等待队友的休闲时光生活总在不经意处让你有所收获。如果不是闲得实在实在实在太无聊，我都不知道机场的小推车坐起来居然可以那么舒服。 15、小景亦有大美盼望着，盼望着，政委和司机终于来了。河童下午三点才能到达贡嘎机场。这么长的时间，总不能只在机场的广场上晒太阳。在机场附近随便找了个地方，品尝了下既难吃又昂贵的午餐后，我们让司机随便拉我们去个地方看风景。沿着公路走了一段，路边的一段小河沟引起了我们的注意。天真蓝，云真美，普通的这么一个小河沟，居然也可以这么美。如果是在内地，这样的小河沟，我猜环保局长真不一定敢下去游泳。 16、著名摄影师麦子在创作这次转加拉朝圣，是和麦子第一次一起出行。以前只是在论坛上和群里见她发照片。时间久了，对摄影师的膜拜之情与日俱增。我不懂摄影，所以对麦子的摄影水平到底高深到什么程度，不知所以。但麦子带了个广角镜头，又扛了个大白兔，这一路上不管再苦再累走得再慢，也不忘摄影。并且还不厌其烦地来回换镜头。然后对着我们又似乎是对着自己长叹：唉，我的胳膊都酸了。麦子此行最经典的表现，并不是她的摄影水平。因为在一帮菜鸟的眼里，摄影水平高到一定程度，就那么回事了，概念就已经相当模糊。最多是个”高深莫测“一类的评语。至于高深到什么程度？高深在哪些方面？这已经超越了一帮菜鸟和吃货的理解水平。但这并不说明麦子同学鹤立驴群不和群众打成一片。在赤白村，麦子在给相机电池充电时，曾经对着插线板对政委发出了一句惊天地泣鬼神的感慨。对她的那句由衷的感叹，大家集体愣了一秒钟然后立马不约而同地笑翻了天。麦子真是个单纯善良的山东大妞。谁听了那句话谁知道。 17、松赞干布出生地 3月28日下午6点，墨竹工卡县甲玛乡强巴敏久林，松赞干布出生地。我在打酱油，一旁有个藏族男孩在玩耍。这位出生在松赞干布故地的普通孩子，不知道他怎么理解父辈们的业绩。或者，在英雄与常人之间，后者的人生，对他来讲才更为轻松，更有意义。从拉萨到松赞干布出生地，一个多小时的车程。 18、几位年轻而美丽的队友在松赞干布出生地牌楼前合影说起松赞干布，几乎便能同时想到小时候在教科书上就能学到的文成公主。在教科书上，文成公主是一个深明大义的优秀女性，被世代歌颂。在藏族传说中，文成公主也脱离了一个普通人的形象，成为受万人敬仰的神。在神的光环与人之常情之间，人性往往被刻意地淡忘。公元640年，唐太宗李世民感于松赞干布的诚意，答应和亲。但这位历史上开创了贞观之治的贤明君主并不舍得将自己的亲生公主远嫁吐蕃。于是，重任就落在了一个叫李雪雁的宗室之女身上。在那个时代，这位16岁的宗室之女不可能有别的选择。公元641年，经过长途跋涉，文成公主终于来到了吐蕃。在当时的自然条件下，这个只有X岁的女孩，是以一种什么样的心态，来迎接一个未卜的未来？那个在皇帝面前诚慌诚恐的江夏王，亲自送自己的女儿远嫁他乡时，真的会山呼万岁谢主龙恩？成婚路，也是条不归路。公元650年，与文成公主共同生活了9年之后，松赞干布去世。文成公主又在吐蕃独自生活了30多年。那个为了迎娶她而建的布达拉宫，不再是她的居所。在中国，典型都是“塑造”出来的，主旋律都是“唱响”的。在政治与人性之间，在歌颂与真实之间，后者总是那么无奈与缈小。 19、米拉山口米拉山口。米拉山口海拔5013米，是拉萨到林芝的必经之地。山口随风舞动的经幡，总是让人感觉那么灵动。过了米拉山口，就到了林芝地界。在林芝一侧，弯弯曲曲的盘山公路和垂直下降一般，海拔急剧下降。从拉萨经米拉山口到达林芝，海拔从3500米抬升到5013米，再下降到2900米，这样的行程安排，按说不太科学。不过，飞林芝的机票委实比飞拉萨的贵出不少。其实我个人更喜欢这样的安排，旅行么，如果一成不变，那会失去很多的乐趣和意义。但如果对自己的高反情况没信心，直飞林芝，当然也可能是个更好的选择。 20、米拉山口的吉祥已近傍晚，天气也不好。不过我们还是在米拉山口逗留了很长的时间。 21、队友河童在米拉山口河童要求加入的时候，我们其实已经满员了。可是，我这人在心情好的时候，心肠总是太软，还是很愿意帮助别人的。而那时候，我正好心情很好。所以，面对她入队的要求，了解了她的户外履历后，我有点犹豫。河童的个性名只有三个字：铜豌豆。作为一个文科男，我无法不想到关汉卿。其实这应该是很正常的反应。问是，我又莫名其妙地想起了刘胡兰。在QQ上交流的时候，河童说话很少，并且非常简短，一个字能说明问的话，你很难期望她说两个字。。我答应她考虑一下。就在第二天，河童就在QQ上问我：到底行不行，说个话！这口气，似乎她是队长，而我才是个队员。我仍然在犹豫。收下河童，就意味着，还要再招一个人。可不收她呢，她又是那么想去。于是，河童摆明身份，要求加分。于是，队伍扩编。河童的体力非常好。更可贵的是，她行进中非常有节奏。她虽然话不多，走得也不算太快。但每次我抬起头来搜寻队友的时候，总是看到她在前头。河童是个比较单纯的80后，年龄在队内最小，所以，这一路上，我们经常逗着她玩开玩笑。不能不说，河童的脾气非常好。虽然她的性格比较沉静，但学习成绩仍然不可避免地不断提高。于是，我们经常一边大笑，一边倍感欣慰。体力好，只是河童的一个方面。在关键时刻，河童是一个值得信任的好孩子。行程结束返回八一，我们几个都醉了。结束时河童搀扶着队友向外走的镜头，一直定格在我的脑海里。她扶起了队友，也担起了作为一名队友对队伍的道义。这是一个不善言谈，但值得信赖的队友。作为活动的召集人，我很感激。河童，如果有下次，下次我们再一起！ 22、米拉山口的麦子大白兔就是很沉，麦子视为宝贝的镜头，差点丢在了这里。 23、米拉山口米拉山口的两头大牦牛，真是威武雄壮！ 24、3月29日，工布江达县前往八一的路上行程结束返回八一时，在那个宾馆隔壁的饭店里，当我们一边嚼着什么什么鸭一边讨论这次出行时，我就很郑重地宣布过，这次出行，无论是线路来说，还是团队和谐程度来说，都是我这么多年来出行中最精彩的一次。没有之一！后来我一直在想，像我这么一个常年呆在办公室，皱着眉头，黑着脸，板着脸，了无风趣的人，怎么带出了这么一支队伍？到底是什么因素，让我们这一路上一次次地说唱逗闹，笑翻了天？整理照片看到这一幅时，我终于明白了。我是被他们给带坏了。这世上，有些事，开始，就注定了结局。。。 25、飒爽的麦子不戴帽子的麦子，更有那么一股灵动的精气神。 26、大长腿的大长炮 27、吉祥 2011年国庆节，我和大兵、宠物等一起走了丙中洛、碧罗雪山、雨崩。吉祥也是计划中的队友之一。但因事没能去成。 2012的国庆节，我和大兵、宠物等一起走阿里。吉祥也是计划中的队友之一。但因事又没去成。这次，转加拉，吉祥终于成行了。我应该打心眼里发自内心深处地好好谢谢吉祥。因为自从有了她，我这个传说中的“鸽子王”，终于可以摘掉这顶帽子了。鸽子年年有。今年特别多。第一批队友满员的时候，飞马了解了吉祥的光辉事迹后就曾经对吉祥说：今年你一定要成行哦，不然的话，就把你当鸽子炒了吃！道上有句话，叫：与人方便，与己方便。那意思好像是说：别把人逼急了啊，给别人留条后路，其实也在给自己留条后路。飞马明显地没给自己留后路，因为就在我们出发前没几天，他自己因事退出了。我估计，当吉祥听到这个消息时，说不定一边表示婉惜，一边在偷偷地笑：应该炒谁呢？吉祥的体力非常好。貌似我们俩个刚开始认识，是因为爬哈巴雪山的事情。后来她去了玉珠峰，并且登顶成功。当她站在玉珠峰顶，伸出两个指头，露出那两排大牙，对着相机大笑，现场演示什么叫2的时候（当然，她可能认为别人会理解成是胜利的意思），我还在背着个大包在某一并不知名的线路上徒步。后来，吉祥又走过了龙眼。这条线路，在我眼里，也是大神级别的。于是，对吉祥的膜拜之情便如雅鲁藏布江般滔滔不绝。不知道是因为长得苗条，还是体力太好，吉祥走起路来和那微风一样，轻轻地轻轻地就飘过去了。一愣神的功夫，就只有拍她背影的份。吉祥性格开朗，乐观向上，吃苦耐劳，脾气格外地好。她做的香菇面条，那种香气，至今还在我的舌尖上萦绕。温婉的吉祥很善解人意。比如，在我长得黑还是长得成熟这个话上，吉祥和河童就持有鲜明的迥然不同的观点。吉祥一边笑，一边表扬我长得成熟。但河童就不同了。回来的时候和河童聊天谈到蚊子多的问，河童说她手上被咬了几个包，还留下了疤痕。我很奇怪，那我怎么就一口都没被咬呢？河童撇了撇嘴说：你长得太黑了，蚊子看不见你！其实我发自内心地感谢并且佩服吉祥。我的不少照片，就是吉祥给我拍的。要知道，把一个又黑又丑的小老头，拍成个师哥，仅有高超的摄影技术是远远不够的，那还需要相当的心理承受能力。吉祥，五一、端午、国庆节、明年、后年、大后年、大大后年、大大大后年～～你有啥计划啊？一起不？ 28、工布江达县去八一的路上其实，在路边，只有这么一棵孤零零的桃树。却让我们折腾了20多分钟的时间。飞出了藩篱的鸟儿，对自由，总是那么惊喜与渴望。 29、大好春光坐在车里，按捺不住激动。我们干脆要求下车，步行。司机师傅很好，善解人意地把车开到远远的前面等我们。岂能浪费，这大好春光。 30、藏地民居 ([]

宠婚蜜爱：拐个总裁当饭票

杨佳莹

以下图片，完全按照我们此行的时间顺序，向大家详细的汇报整个攀登过程。([]

龙神至尊

赖桂刚

Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]

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